1. Essentials

► Oxygen: Fractional inspired oxygen

► Pressure: Continuous positive airway pressure

► Warming and humidification of gases

2. Indications in preterm neonates

► Spontaneous breathing

► Preterm
      ♦ Respiratory distress (Silverman score >3)
      ♦ Recurrent apneas
      ♦ Post extubation

3. Indications in term neonates

► Term
      ♦ Respiratory distress with Silverman score > 5
      ♦ Post extubation

4. Contraindications

► Poor respiratory efforts

► Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

► Tracheo-esophageal fistula

► Choanal atresia, cleft palate

► Cardiovascular instability

5. Initiation

► Connect to a pulse oximeter

► Fix the CAP (size)

► Right size prongs (interface)
      ♦ Fisher and Paykel or Hudson

► Check the circuit

► Connect CPAP circuit to interface

6. Fisher & Paykel and Hudson Interface

7. Orogastric tube

8. CPAP, FiO₂ & flow for bubble CPAP

9. Summary

► Preterm infant: Respiratory distress with SAS >3

► Term infant: Respiratory distress with SAS >5

► Rule of 5 when starting CPAP for respiratory distress